Hygienic toilet for small dogs

Based on my own experience, as well as the experiences of other dog owners, I know that small dog breeds don't like going outside during the winter. Therefore, there is a significant problem with walking them. Winter walks also pose risks for small dog breeds, such as burns on their paws from chemical de-icers. Some dog owners use cat litter boxes with various types of bedding as a solution. However, not every dog wants to use a litter box. Most prefer not to. Additionally, the bedding used for these boxes creates a mess around them. There are few solutions to this problem on the market, and most of them are unhygienic. Other solutions designed for cats, like smart cat litter boxes, are not suitable for dogs due to clippings, which dogs dislike.