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Bittner, J.
Publikováno v
In: AESOP Annual Conference 2024 Paris: Conference proceedings. Reading: AESOP, 2024. p. 719-731. ISBN 9789464981827.
Rok
2024
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Anotace
The sudden transition from central planning to a free market in Eastern Bloc countries caused uncoordinated and deregulated growth followed by sheer car ownership. Extensive suburban areas heavily dependent on cars exploded around larger cities (Stanilov and Sýkora 2014). Nowadays, ongoing climate changes, technological revolution, and planned energetic transition bring entirely new challenges to urban transport planning (Shakibamanesh et al. 2020). Such challenges also draw attention to the question of car dependency in the Czech planning practice. In response, Czech local plans started working with various planning practices to reduce car dependency in suburban areas. One of the most widespread practices constitutes retrofitting of local amenities in suburban residential areas. Since such practice is part of various well-established global urban concepts (New Urbanism, low-traffic neighbourhoods, TOD, 15-minute city, etc.), the relationship between amenities and transport has been well-researched for decades in the USA and Western Europe (Ewing and Cervero 2010; Næss 2022). Thus, solid evidence in various backgrounds supports Western urban transport planning, whereas Czech planning remains to hover “in the dark” without empirical findings concerning specific central European contexts.
This paper aims to present a novel interdisciplinary framework investigating the phenomenon of urban transport based on behavioural aspects of mobility interaction with the built environment in the Czech-specific context. The central research question lies in testing the influence of the accessibility of local amenities on car dependency within the suburbs of Prague. The work utilises an activity-based modelling technique (Ortúzar and Willumsen 2011; Kagho et al. 2020) to quantify individual travel behaviour using geolocated travel diaries. The method is based on regression modelling where total car PMT (person miles travelled) constitute the dependent variable, local amenities accessibility independent variables, and personal socio-economic background plus built environment characteristics control variables (Stoker et al. 2015). Local amenities (independent variables) are considered as kindergarten, primary school, corner shop, GP and dentist, library, community centre, and outdoor/indoor sports ground. The regression outcomes are put into the context of contemporary planning practice in selected case studies.
The work brings much-needed empirical evidence for the assessment of the current Czech planning practice course in times of rapid changes.
Autoři
Bittner, J.
Publikováno v
In: PEOPLE CITY TRANSPORT 2024. Praha: CTU FA. Department of Spatial Planning, 2024. p. 36-40. ISBN 978-80-01-07359-9.
Rok
2024
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Anotace
Residential car dependency is a significant challenge to achieving sustainable urban mobility, especially in suburban areas. Its negative impacts include energy consumption, land-use inefficiency, public health, deepening socio-economic polarization, all hindering the transition to resilient and inclusive urban mobility. This research focuses on Prague's suburban areas, specifically exploring the relationship between accessibility to primary educational amenities and parental transport behaviour, measured through both car dependency and public transport (PT) use frequency. Urban planning concepts like the 15-minute city or Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) aim to address car dependency by improving access to essential services and amenities, but their real-world impact on transport behaviour, particularly in suburban environments, is still not fully understood. This study adds new insights by examining parental travel behaviour using travel diaries and regression models, focusing on how proximity to primary educational facilities correlates with both car and PT used in the Prague suburban area.
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Řezáč, V. ed. - Poláková, Z. ed. - Jablonská, S. ed., - Bittner, J. ed.
Publikováno v
Praha, 2023-11-23/2023-11-24. Praha: Czech Technical University in Prague, 2023. ISBN 978-80-01-07277-6.
Rok
2023
Podkategorie
Sborník
Související lidé
Autoři
Bittner, J.
Publikováno v
In: People - City - Transport 2023: Book of Extended Abstracts. Praha: CTU FA. Department of Spatial Planning, 2023. p. 35-40.
Rok
2023
Podkategorie
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Odkaz
Anotace
Researchers across the globe have been scrutinising the built environment and transport
relations for the last two decades (1). Such works mostly focus on regional levels in the US or Western European regions (2), whereas in the Czech Republic, there is a significant lack of research in this particular field. Moreover, the Czech urban and transport planning discourse is still based on a traditional modernistic approach, failing to contain already well-defined and well-known challenges. In the context of Prague, one of the main challenges lies in the car dependency of suburban residents (3). Therefore, the starting point of the thesis was to examine ways of reducing transport volume and car dependency in the suburbs through means of spatial planning. Since Czech spatial planning mostly concerns the local municipal level through Municipal Land-use Plans, the location of civic amenities was chosen as a perfect representative. Thus, the thesis aims to verify the influence between the accessibility of local amenities and the travel behaviour of Prague suburban residents.
Autoři
Bittner, J.
Publikováno v
In: 12th ACAU 2023: Proceedings of 12th International PhD Students Conference. Brno Technical University, 2023. p. 96-110. ISBN 978-80-214-6206-9.
Rok
2023
Podkategorie
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Anotace
The paper provides a theoretical framework and methodological overview for follow-up research on the relationship between the built environment and transport behaviour in the Czech context. Divided into four parts, the paper begins by describing the urgency for such research. The second part reviews fundamental transport modelling methods commonly used in the built environment – transport relation research. The methodical concept of Activity-Based Modelling (ABM) is selected for further elaboration through a comprehensive diagram. Individual parts of the diagram are grouped and described. In the third part of the paper, the ABM concept is derived into a quantitative methodology suitable for the built environment – transport quantitative research. Typical dependent and independent variables are listed. Finally, the fourth part of the paper discusses ABM method limits and requirements in the Czech context.
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Bittner, J.
Publikováno v
In: From Challenges to Responses: Integrated Planning Approaches in Turbulent Times. Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, 2023.
Rok
2023
Podkategorie
Abstrakt ve sborníku
Autoři
Bittner, J.
Publikováno v
In: Člověk, stavba a územní plánování 15. Praha: CTU. Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2022. p. 50-77. ISSN 2336-7687. ISBN 978-80-01-07049-9.
Rok
2022
Podkategorie
Stať ve sborníku
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Anotace
Suburbanization is one of the most frequently discussed topics in Czech and
international academic discourse. Despite the diversity of researched problems,
there is one common denominator: the dependence of suburban residents on cars
and thus characteristic suburban transport demand. The suburban transport demand
is mentioned as a direct or indirect factor of many problems. In Czech planning
practice, however, transport is still perceived as an isolated technical problem without
a wider context. Therefore, this paper offers a basic insight into the current academic
understanding of the complexity of transport demand. The insights are situated in
the context of urban planning and suburbanization. The paper is divided into three
sections: introduction posing fundamental premises, followed by the main section
presenting the theoretical framework of transport demand/supply and two different
approaches in modelling. According to the approaches described before, fundamental
types of factors influencing transport demand are described. The last part of the paper
is a mini-case study seeking for the factors in planning/strategic documents influencing
development of Prague suburbs. Finally, the theoretical findings are summarized and
their application within the case study is evaluated.
Autoři
Kugl, J. ed. - Bačovský, J. ed. - Bittner, J. ed. - Boušková, Z. ed. - Švárová, T. ed. - Molnárová, J. ed. - Chudý, O. ed. - Jebavý, M. ed. - Kadlecová, P. ed. - Kupka, J. ed. - Kuták, J. ed. - Madar, O. ed. - Nováková, L. ed. - Okřinová, P. ed. - Nikolov, D. ed. - Petr, L. ed. - Šilhánková, V. ed., - Zýka, V. ed.
Publikováno v
Fakulta stavební, ČVUT, Praha, 2022-11-16. Praha: Czech Technical University in Prague, 2022. vol. 1. ISBN 978-80-01-07064-2.
Rok
2022
Podkategorie
Sborník